The use of energy is a factor in all our lives, and that is why it is important for us teachers to have our students learn about the energy we use now and the new forms of energy that are becoming available. Alternative sour ces of energy an introduction to fuel cells by e. Government and privatesector vehicle fleets are the primary users for most of these fuels and vehicles, but individual consumers are increasingly interested in them. Substances that produce heat and light energy on burning are called fuels. The federal highway administration fhwa recently announced the designation of the nations first alternative fuel corridors for electric, hydrogen, natural gas, and propane vehicles. The report will guide the reader through the following.
In this work, the morphology and nanostructure of soot emitted from an aviation piston engine burning five different fuels including blends of promising alternative jet and biofuels were investigated via highresolution transmission electron microscopy hrtem and raman spectroscopy. Alternative fuels include natural gas, compressed natural gas, liquid propane gas, liquified petroleum gas, alcohols, gasolinealcohol mixtures containing at least 85 percent alcohol by volume, hydrogen, hythane, electricity and any other fuel not taxable as liquid. Jan 01, 2005 111 alternative fuels and their application to combustion engin es fig. Merewether abstract fuel cells are important future sources of electrical power and could contribute to a reduction in the amount of petro leum imported by the united states. Most fuels can be used in any vehicle class light, medium, and heavyduty, but the availability of alternative fuel vehicles afvs and their suitability for different applications varies. Oct 30, 2000 what types of alternative fuels are being explored or used in automobiles today. Alternative fuels are derived from sources other than petroleum. Alternative fuels research clean automotive technology. Learn more about alternative fuels on the department of energy.
Will we soon shift from the petroleum gas that we now use. Biodiesel pdf 3 pp, 112 k, february 2010, epa420f9, about pdf learn more about converting a vehicle or engine to run on a different fuel. Alternative fuels used in transportation department of energy. Sustainable alternative fuels in aviation sciencedirect. Pdf in recent years, especially alternative fuels have been undergoing. Learn more about the different types of alternative fuels available in our region. Most are produced domestically, reducing our dependence on imported oil, and some are derived from renewable sources.
Apr 26, 2019 what are the different types of fuels and their characteristics fuels most of the substances used for burning are fuels. The data presented here, compares the mass spectral fingerprints of the different fuels as measured by the aerodyne. The use of gasoline for transportation is the most commonly used fuel. Cryogenic fuels such as liquid hydrogen and other more exotic fuels such as boron compounds were studied in the 1950s and 1960s. The utilization of alternative fuels in the cement industry since the 1980s was driven by rising energy prices, depletion of fossil fuels and the environmental impact of traditional fuels. Lpg is often used in light and mediumduty trucks, buses, vans, taxis and government fleets. Descriptions of newly certified fuels approved for use in aviation. However, there are multiple alternative fuels that are making their ways to the market. Some commonly used fuels are wood, coal, cow dung cakes, kerosene, lpg, petrol, and diesel. It is only renewable if the source of the fuel used is renewable. Impact of alternative fuels on emissions characteristics of a. Biodiesel as one promising alternative to fossil fuel for diesel engines has become increasingly important due to environmental consequences of petroleumfuelled diesel engines and the decreasing petroleum resources. Study on the transport system implications from types of alternative fuels. Alternative fuels alternative fuel means fuel that is a for use in motor vehicles to deliver direct propulsion, b less damaging to the environment than conventional fuels, and c prescribed by regulation, including, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, ethanol, methanol, propane gas, natural gas, hydrogen or electricity when used as a sole source of direct propulsion energy.
Helpful information sources importance of transportation transportation is an extremely important element for the daytoday functioning of the united states. Also known as nonconventional fuels highly oxidized, sulphur free, environmental friendly any materials or substances that can be used as fuels, other than conventional fuels example. Often, they produce less pollution than gasoline or diesel. The alternative fuels data center afdc provides information, data, and tools to help fleets and other transportation decision makers find ways to reach their energy and economic goals through the use of alternative and renewable fuels, advanced vehicles, and other fuelsaving measures. Types of alternative fuels include biodiesel, electricity, methanol and ethanol, hydrogen, natural gas, propane and new fuels still under development, called emerging fuels. Status and outlook for biofuels, other alternative fuels and new. These advanced and alternative fuel vehicles afvs help reduce our dependence on foreign oil imports, save us money on fuel costs, and improve our air. This page provides a brief overview of the most common alternative fuels, afv types, and frequently asked questions on state fleet uses and policy issues. Some people, however, are choosing to drive vehicles that run on smaller amounts of fuel, andor partially or completely on fuels other than diesel or gasoline. What are the different types of fuels and their characteristics. Download the 2015 alternative fuels report 2015 pdf key benefits. More than a dozen alternative fuels are in production or under development for use in alternative fuel vehicles and advanced technology vehicles. Alternative fuels renewable fuel standard program us epa.
It is important to obtain basic feedstocks and to develop biofuel production processes in a costeffective way. Propane fuel, also known as liquefied petroleum gas lpg, is a fossil fuel alternative to gasoline. They are electrochemi cal devices similar to a battery and consist of a container, an. Definition of alternative fuels and their importance the definition of alternative fuels may vary depending on the context. What types of alternative fuels are being explored or used in automobiles today. Nov 15, 2016 this has led to the rise of a number of alternative energy sources. Recent advances in catalytic hydrogenation of carbon dioxide pdf. Ethanol is a widely used renewable fuel made from corn and other plant materials. The use of renewable and alternative energy sources can save us money, assure that our grandchildren and great grandchildren will have enough energy, and free us from the uncertainties of depending on energy supplies outside the united states. On the basis of october 20 data, there are approximately 34 million flexible fuel vehicles and the sale of hybrid electric vehicles numbered more than 9 million september 2014 data. The work characterizes the changes in volatile and semivolatile pm emissions from a gas turbine engine resulting from burning alternative fuels, specifically gastoliquid gtl, coaltoliquid ctl, a blend of jet a1 and gtl, biodiesel, and diesel, to the standard jet a1.
This report uses the term sustainable alternative jet fuels sajf to characterize a family of dropin fuels that are intended to lower the net lifecycle carbon emissions of commercial aviation. Alternative fuels, known as nonconventional and advanced fuels, are any materials or. Alternative fuels used to propel vehicles on public highways are subject to the alternative fuels tax. Ethanol is produced domestically from corn and other crops. The different fossil fuels though different terms are occasionally used that are interchangeable for each, there are three primary varieties for fossil fuels.
A fuel cell is an alternative energy device, but it is not necessarily a renewable energy device. Pdf alternative fuels and their application to combustion engines. May 16, 2016 top 5 types of alternative and renewable energy. Most renewable energy comes either directly or indirectly from the sun, however alternative energy resources can be divided into more specific categories includes. Is a hybrid more cost efficient then compressed natural gas cng, hydrogen fuel cells, propane, or biodiesel. The use of alternative fuels can potentially lower emissions of criteria pollutants and greenhouse gases, and reduce americas dependence on imported oil.
What types of alternative fuels are being explored or used. These alternative fuels include such things as propane, natural gas, electric hybrids, hydrogen fuel cells, and biodiesel. Epa researches and evaluates the feasibility of running vehicles on nonpetroleum fuels, such as alcohol fuels. Alternative fuel price report alternative fuels data center. Development status of metallic, dispersion and nonoxide. The year links below provide access the pennsylvania bulletin detailing the tax rates and calculations for each year. Of the three types of fossil fuels, coal is the only one still in a solid state. Alternative fuels is a name given to a specific group of fuel sources in 1992 by the united states department of energy. Alternative fuels, known as nonconventional and advanced fuels, are any materials or substances that can be used as fuels, other than conventional fuels like. Doego1020011142 august 2001 advanced technology and. Top 5 types of alternative and renewable energy ierek news. Lower emissions, lower fuel prices and the reduction of pollution are all advantages that the use of alternative fuels can often provide.
Hence, renewable and clean alternative fuels have received increasing attention for current and future utilization. The substitution of fossil fuels by alternative fuels af in the production of cement clinker is of great importance both for cement producers and for society because it conserves fossil fuel reserves and. An overview of lng, lpg and methanol fuelled ships. The traditional fuels used in traditional kilns include coal, oil, petroleum coke, and natural gas. Nonrenewable energy sources are diminishing everyday, and it. While the viability of each can be argued, they all contribute something positive when compared to fossil fuels. Biodiesel is an ester similar to vinegar that can be made from several types of oils. Alternative fuel vehicle refers to a vehicle that runs on a fuel other than traditional gasoline or diesel. Some species cannot be directly applied as neat fuels, but may be used as additives, e. Alternative sources of energy an introduction to fuel cells. Tr anspor tation, petroleum use, and alter natives guest lecture. A fuel cell is an electrochemical device, like a battery in that it converts the energy from a chemical reaction directly into electricity and heat. The portfolio scenario rolls out multiple fuel types in parallel, the combustion. The current study defines alternative fuels of those other than conventional gasoline and diesel fuels, covering a wide variety in terms of the final forms and manufacturing sources.
Alternative fuels used in transportation for the teacher. Traditional biofuels for vehicles are ethanol from corn, fametype biodiesel from. Some alternative aviation fuels are now certified for use in commercial air travel. Alcohol fuel, vegetable oil,biodiesel,natural gas 4. This study examines the necessity and the types of biofuels in the aviation sector. Understanding the differences between the types of alternative fuels. This report rather concentrates on the advanced fuels for the current different types of reactors including metallic, carbide and nitride fuels for fast reactors, socalled cold fuels and fuels to burn excessive exweapons plutonium in thermal power reactors, alternative fuels for small size and research reactors. Therefore, there is an increasing level of research with regards to alternative aviation fuels made of biomass in recent years.
Alternative fuels for aviation have been considered since the early days of turbine engines. Pdf alternative fuels and their application to combustion. Alternative fuels importance of transportation alternative fuels in new york city types of alternative fuels should you buy an alternative fuel vehicle. Hydrogen is a potentially emissions free alternative fuel that can be produced from domestic resources for use in fuel cell vehicles. The approach assesses how well six alternative fuels perform compared to lng fuel on a set of 11 key parameters. Dan sperling november, 2012 fall quarter 2012 energy and environmental aspects of transportation civil and environmental engineering eci 163 environmental science and policy esp 163. Sustainable alternative jet fuels the national academies press. Infographic shows a design example for a house operating by solar power. Pdf comparative analysis of alternative fuels used in road transport.
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